Activation of the Irrigant in Endodontics

Abstract

The objective of the root canal treatment is to eliminate the bacteria , the infected tissue and microorganisms and sometimes the treatment is not successful because of lack of the proper cleaning and disinfecting due to anatomical complexity of the root canal, irrigation solutions and instrumentation techniques. Therefore, the proper technique ,good irrigation solution and the good diagnosis of the root canal treatment is the key to success. Introduced different techniques and irrigation equipment to improve the chemical disinfection and improve the cleanliness of the canal through the instrumentation as sometimes mechanical instrumentation will not touch many surfaces and cannot reach the apical area. Materials and Methods Data bases such as PubMed, Medline, Google scholar, Cochrane were used in order to find evidence-based information for this paper using keywords such as ¨root canal¨, ¨activation of irrigants¨, ¨irrigation solutions¨, ¨irrigation technique¨, ¨microbial biofilm¨,¨ smear layer removal¨. Articles than contained these keywords were used in an effort to focus this study. 65 articles and one book were used to write this paper. Discussion and Conclusion Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of each activation technique and irrigant solution were key to choose the best and most common activation technique that can be used in the dental clinic in order to have better cleaning and successful treatment. Multiple techniques were studied and analyzed in a different situations and different irrigation solution were used, such as Manual Dynamic Activation Technique (MDA) with Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) that is one of the most common and inexpensive technique used in the dentistry and after that in a second place the Ultrasonic activation system were concluded to be leading in this field. In addition ,the Photodynamic Therapy for the root canal disinfection (PDT) were concluded as a Novel irrigation technique.